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2016 ; 113
(49
): 14001-14006
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Regional diversity on the timing for the initial appearance of cereal cultivation
and domestication in southwest Asia
#MMPMID27930348
Arranz-Otaegui A
; Colledge S
; Zapata L
; Teira-Mayolini LC
; Ibáñez JJ
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2016[Dec]; 113
(49
): 14001-14006
PMID27930348
show ga
Recent studies have broadened our knowledge regarding the origins of agriculture
in southwest Asia by highlighting the multiregional and protracted nature of
plant domestication. However, there have been few archaeobotanical data to
examine whether the early adoption of wild cereal cultivation and the subsequent
appearance of domesticated-type cereals occurred in parallel across southwest
Asia, or if chronological differences existed between regions. The evaluation of
the available archaeobotanical evidence indicates that during Pre-Pottery
Neolithic A (PPNA) cultivation of wild cereal species was common in regions such
as the southern-central Levant and the Upper Euphrates area, but the plant-based
subsistence in the eastern Fertile Crescent (southeast Turkey, Iran, and Iraq)
focused on the exploitation of plants such as legumes, goatgrass, fruits, and
nuts. Around 10.7-10.2 ka Cal BP (early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B), the predominant
exploitation of cereals continued in the southern-central Levant and is
correlated with the appearance of significant proportions (?30%) of
domesticated-type cereal chaff in the archaeobotanical record. In the eastern
Fertile Crescent exploitation of legumes, fruits, nuts, and grasses continued,
and in the Euphrates legumes predominated. In these two regions domesticated-type
cereal chaff (>10%) is not identified until the middle and late Pre-Pottery
Neolithic B (10.2-8.3 ka Cal BP). We propose that the cultivation of wild and
domesticated cereals developed at different times across southwest Asia and was
conditioned by the regionally diverse plant-based subsistence strategies adopted
by Pre-Pottery Neolithic groups.