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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 229.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Nature 2016 ; 539 (7630): 524-9 Nephropedia Template TP
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Bacteria establish an aqueous living space in plants crucial for virulence #MMPMID27882964
Xin XF; Nomura K; Aung K; Velásquez AC; Yao J; Boutrot F; Chang JH; Zipfel C; He SY
Nature 2016[Nov]; 539 (7630): 524-9 PMID27882964show ga
High humidity has a profound influence on the development of numerous phyllosphere diseases in crop fields and natural ecosystems, but the molecular basis of this humidity effect is not understood. Previous studies emphasize immune suppression as a key step in bacterial pathogenesis. Here we show that humidity-dependent, pathogen-driven establishment of an aqueous intercellular space (apoplast) is another crucial step in bacterial infection of the phyllosphere. Bacterial effectors, such as Pseudomonas syringae HopM1, induce establishment of the aqueous apoplast and are sufficient to transform non-pathogenic P. syringae strains into virulent pathogens in immune-deficient Arabidopsis under high humidity. Arabidopsis quadruple mutants simultaneously defective in a host target (MIN7) of HopM1 and in pattern-triggered immunity could not only recapitulate the basic features of bacterial infection, but also exhibit humidity-dependent dyshomeostasis of the endophytic commensal bacterial community in the phyllosphere. These results highlight a new conceptual framework for understanding diverse phyllosphere-bacterial interactions.