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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Pediatr+Crit+Care+Med
2016 ; 17
(4
): 342-9
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gab.com Text
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A Decline in Intraoperative Renal Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Is Associated With
Adverse Outcomes in Children Following Cardiac Surgery
#MMPMID26914625
Gist KM
; Kaufman J
; da Cruz EM
; Friesen RH
; Crumback SL
; Linders M
; Edelstein C
; Altmann C
; Palmer C
; Jalal D
; Faubel S
Pediatr Crit Care Med
2016[Apr]; 17
(4
): 342-9
PMID26914625
show ga
OBJECTIVES: Renal near-infrared spectroscopy is known to be predictive of acute
kidney injury in children following cardiac surgery using a series of complex
equations and area under the curve. This study was performed to determine if a
greater than or equal to 20% reduction in renal near-infrared spectroscopy for 20
consecutive minutes intraoperatively or within the first 24 postoperative hours
is associated with 1) acute kidney injury, 2) increased acute kidney injury
biomarkers, or 3) other adverse clinical outcomes in children following cardiac
surgery. DESIGN: Prospective single center observational study. SETTING:
Pediatric cardiac ICU. PATIENTS: Children less than or equal to age 4 years who
underwent cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass during the study
period (June 2011-July 2012). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
A reduction in near-infrared spectroscopy was not associated with acute kidney
injury. Nine of 12 patients (75%) with a reduction in renal near-infrared
spectroscopy did not develop acute kidney injury. The remaining three patients
had mild acute kidney injury (pediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End
stage-Risk). A reduction in renal near-infrared spectroscopy was associated with
the following adverse clinical outcomes: 1) a longer duration of mechanical
ventilation (p = 0.05), 2) longer intensive care length of stay (p = 0.05), and
3) longer hospital length of stay (p < 0.01). A decline in renal near-infrared
spectroscopy in combination with an increase in serum interleukin-6 and serum
interleukin-8 was associated with a longer intensive care length of stay, and the
addition of urine interleukin-18 to this was associated with a longer hospital
length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, the rate of acute kidney injury was
much lower than anticipated thereby limiting the evaluation of a reduction in
renal near-infrared spectroscopy as a predictor of acute kidney injury. A greater
than or equal to 20% reduction in renal near-infrared spectroscopy was
significantly associated with adverse outcomes in children following cardiac
surgery. The addition of specific biomarkers to the model was predictive of worse
outcomes in these patients. Thus, real-time evaluation of renal near-infrared
spectroscopy using the specific levels of change of a 20% reduction for 20
minutes may be useful in predicting prolonged mechanical ventilation and other
adverse outcomes in children undergoing cardiac surgery.