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2016 ; 291
(48
): 25154-25166
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Activation of AMP-activated Protein Kinase by Metformin Induces Protein
Acetylation in Prostate and Ovarian Cancer Cells
#MMPMID27733682
Galdieri L
; Gatla H
; Vancurova I
; Vancura A
J Biol Chem
2016[Nov]; 291
(48
): 25154-25166
PMID27733682
show ga
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor and master regulator of
metabolism. AMPK functions as a fuel gauge monitoring systemic and cellular
energy status. Activation of AMPK occurs when the intracellular AMP/ATP ratio
increases and leads to a metabolic switch from anabolism to catabolism. AMPK
phosphorylates and inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which catalyzes
carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the first and rate-limiting reaction
in de novo synthesis of fatty acids. AMPK thus regulates homeostasis of
acetyl-CoA, a key metabolite at the crossroads of metabolism, signaling,
chromatin structure, and transcription. Nucleocytosolic concentration of
acetyl-CoA affects histone acetylation and links metabolism and chromatin
structure. Here we show that activation of AMPK with the widely used antidiabetic
drug metformin or with the AMP mimetic 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide
ribonucleotide increases the inhibitory phosphorylation of ACC and decreases the
conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, leading to increased protein acetylation
and altered gene expression in prostate and ovarian cancer cells. Direct
inhibition of ACC with allosteric inhibitor 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid also
increases acetylation of histones and non-histone proteins. Because AMPK
activation requires liver kinase B1, metformin does not induce protein
acetylation in liver kinase B1-deficient cells. Together, our data indicate that
AMPK regulates the availability of nucleocytosolic acetyl-CoA for protein
acetylation and that AMPK activators, such as metformin, have the capacity to
increase protein acetylation and alter patterns of gene expression, further
expanding the plethora of metformin's physiological effects.
|AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism
[MESH]