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2016 ; 7
(14
): 1984-2004
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Role of Urinary Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Adenoma and Colorectal Cancer: A
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
#MMPMID27877214
Altobelli E
; Angeletti PM
; Latella G
J Cancer
2016[]; 7
(14
): 1984-2004
PMID27877214
show ga
The growing interest in enhancing and spreading colorectal cancer (CRC) screening
has been stimulating the exploration of novel biomarkers with greater sensitivity
and specificity than immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT). The present
study provides i) a systematic review of the urinary biomarkers that have been
tested to achieve early CRC diagnosis and assess the risk of colorectal adenoma
and adenocarcinoma, and ii) a meta-analysis of the data regarding the urinary
prostaglandin (PG) metabolite PGE-M. As regard to gene markers, we found
significantly different percent methylation of the vimentin gene in CRC patients
and healthy controls (HC) (p<0.0001). Respect to metabolism of nitrogenous bases,
cytidine, 1-methyladenosine, and adenosine, have higher concentrations in CRC
patients than in HC (respectively, p<0.01, p=0.01, and p<0.01). As regard to
spermine we found that N1,N12 diacetyl spermine (DiAcSpm) and N1, N8
diacetylspermidine (DiAcSpd) were significantly higher in CRC than in HC
(respectively p=0.01 and p<0.01). Respect to PGE-M, levels were higher in CRC
than in those with multiple polyposis (p<0.006) and HC subjects (p<0.0004). PGE-M
seems to be the most interesting and promising urinary marker for CRC and adenoma
risk assessment and for CRC screening. In conclusion, evidence suggests that
urinary biomarker could have a potential role as urinary biomarkers in the
diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Particularly, PGE-M seems to be the most
promising urinary marker for CRC early detection.