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2016 ; 11
(5
): 713-729
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Conducting Meta-Analyses Based on p Values: Reservations and Recommendations for
Applying p-Uniform and p-Curve
#MMPMID27694466
van Aert RC
; Wicherts JM
; van Assen MA
Perspect Psychol Sci
2016[Sep]; 11
(5
): 713-729
PMID27694466
show ga
Because of overwhelming evidence of publication bias in psychology, techniques to
correct meta-analytic estimates for such bias are greatly needed. The methodology
on which the p-uniform and p-curve methods are based has great promise for
providing accurate meta-analytic estimates in the presence of publication bias.
However, in this article, we show that in some situations, p-curve behaves
erratically, whereas p-uniform may yield implausible estimates of negative effect
size. Moreover, we show that (and explain why) p-curve and p-uniform result in
overestimation of effect size under moderate-to-large heterogeneity and may yield
unpredictable bias when researchers employ p-hacking. We offer hands-on
recommendations on applying and interpreting results of meta-analyses in general
and p-uniform and p-curve in particular. Both methods as well as traditional
methods are applied to a meta-analysis on the effect of weight on judgments of
importance. We offer guidance for applying p-uniform or p-curve using R and a
user-friendly web application for applying p-uniform.