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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Nat+Protoc 2016 ; 11 (9): 1681-92 Nephropedia Template TP
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Generating kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells #MMPMID27560173
Takasato M; Er PX; Chiu HS; Little MH
Nat Protoc 2016[Sep]; 11 (9): 1681-92 PMID27560173show ga
The human kidney develops from four progenitor populations; nephron progenitors, ureteric epithelial progenitors, renal interstitial progenitors and endothelial progenitors; resulting in the formation of maximally 2 million nephrons. Until recently, methods differentiating human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into either nephron progenitor or ureteric epithelial progenitor had been reported, consequently forming only nephrons or collecting ducts, respectively. Here, we detail a protocol that simultaneously induces all four progenitors to generate kidney organoids within which segmented nephrons are connected to collecting ducts and surrounded by renal interstitial cells and an endothelial network. As evidence of functional maturity, proximal tubules within organoids display megalin-mediated and cubilin-mediated endocytosis, and respond to a nephrotoxicant to undergo apoptosis. This protocol consists of 7 days of monolayer culture for intermediate mesoderm induction followed by 18 days of three-dimensional culture to facilitate self-organising renogenic events leading to organoid formation. Personnel experienced in culturing hPSCs are required to conduct this protocol.