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2016 ; 20
(1
): 372
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Acute kidney injury subphenotypes based on creatinine trajectory identifies
patients at increased risk of death
#MMPMID27852290
Bhatraju PK
; Mukherjee P
; Robinson-Cohen C
; O'Keefe GE
; Frank AJ
; Christie JD
; Meyer NJ
; Liu KD
; Matthay MA
; Calfee CS
; Christiani DC
; Himmelfarb J
; Wurfel MM
Crit Care
2016[Nov]; 20
(1
): 372
PMID27852290
show ga
BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common among intensive care unit (ICU)
patients. AKI is highly heterogeneous, with variable links to poor outcomes.
Current approaches to classify AKI severity and identify patients at highest risk
for poor outcomes focus on the maximum change in serum creatinine (SCr) values.
However, these scores are hampered by the need for a reliable baseline SCr value
and the absence of a component differentiating transient from persistent rises in
SCr. We hypothesized that identification of resolving or nonresolving AKI
subphenotypes based on the early trajectory of SCr values in the ICU would better
differentiate patients at risk of hospital mortality. METHODS: We performed a
secondary analysis of two prospective studies of ICU patients admitted to a
trauma ICU (group 1; n?=?1914) or general medical-surgical ICUs (group 2;
n?=?1867). In group 1, we tested definitions for resolving and nonresolving AKI
subphenotypes and selected the definitions resulting in subphenotypes with the
greatest separation in risk of death relative to non-AKI controls. We applied
this definition to group 2 and tested whether the subphenotypes were
independently associated with hospital mortality after adjustment for AKI
severity. RESULTS: AKI occurred in 46% and 69% of patients in groups 1 and 2,
respectively. In group 1, a resolving AKI subphenotype (defined as a decrease in
SCr of 0.3 mg/dl or 25% from maximum in the first 72 h of study enrollment) was
associated with a low risk of death. A nonresolving AKI subphenotype (defined as
all AKI cases not meeting the "resolving" definition) was associated with a high
risk of death. In group 2, the resolving AKI subphenotype was not associated with
increased mortality (relative risk [RR] 0.86, 95% CI 0.63-1.17), whereas the
nonresolving AKI subphenotype was associated with higher mortality (RR 1.68, 95%
CI 1.15-2.44) even after adjustment for AKI severity stage. CONCLUSIONS: The
trajectory of SCr levels identifies AKI subphenotypes with different risks for
death, even among AKI cases of similar severity. These AKI subphenotypes might
better define the patients at risk for poor outcomes who might benefit from novel
interventions.