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10.3389/fphar.2016.00438 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3389/fphar.2016.00438 C5110514!5110514!27899893     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Front+Pharmacol 2016 ; 7 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=27899893|t=2016. Raynaud?s Phenomenon: A Brief Review of the Underlying Mechanisms |pdf=|usr=}}{{27899893}} gab.com Text Raynaud s Phenomenon: A Brief Review of the Underlying Mechanisms JO: Front Pharmacol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27899893 #FOAvip Raynaud?s phenomenon (RP) is characterized by exaggerated cold-induced vasoconstriction. This augmented vasoconstriction occurs by virtue of a reflex response to cooling via the sympathetic nervous system as well as by local activation of ?2C adrenoceptors (?2C-AR). In a cold-initiated, mitochondrion-mediated mechanism involving reactive oxygen species and the Rho/ROCK pathway, cytoskeletal rearrangement in vascular smooth muscle cells orchestrates the translocation of ?2C-AR to the cell membrane, where this receptor readily interacts with its ligand. Different parameters are involved in this spatial and functional rescue of ?2C-AR. Of notable relevance is the female hormone, 17?-estradiol, or estrogen. This is consistent with the high prevalence of RP in premenopausal women compared to age-matched males. In addition to dissecting the role of these various players, the contribution of pollution as well as genetic background to the onset and prevalence of RP are also discussed. Different therapeutic approaches employed as treatment modalities for this disease are also highlighted and analyzed. The lack of an appropriate animal model for RP mandates that more efforts be undertaken in order to better understand and eventually treat this disease. Although several lines of treatment are utilized, it is important to note that precaution is often effective in reducing severity or frequency of RP attacks. Twit Text FOAVip Raynaud s Phenomenon: A Brief Review of the Underlying Mechanisms ????Front Pharmacol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27899893 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27899893 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|27899893}}</ref> Raynaud?s Phenomenon: A Brief Review of the Underlying Mechanisms #MMPMID27899893 Fardoun MM; Nassif J; Issa K; Baydoun E; Eid AH Front Pharmacol 2016[]; 7 (ä): ä PMID27899893show ga Raynaud?s phenomenon (RP) is characterized by exaggerated cold-induced vasoconstriction. This augmented vasoconstriction occurs by virtue of a reflex response to cooling via the sympathetic nervous system as well as by local activation of ?2C adrenoceptors (?2C-AR). In a cold-initiated, mitochondrion-mediated mechanism involving reactive oxygen species and the Rho/ROCK pathway, cytoskeletal rearrangement in vascular smooth muscle cells orchestrates the translocation of ?2C-AR to the cell membrane, where this receptor readily interacts with its ligand. Different parameters are involved in this spatial and functional rescue of ?2C-AR. Of notable relevance is the female hormone, 17?-estradiol, or estrogen. This is consistent with the high prevalence of RP in premenopausal women compared to age-matched males. In addition to dissecting the role of these various players, the contribution of pollution as well as genetic background to the onset and prevalence of RP are also discussed. Different therapeutic approaches employed as treatment modalities for this disease are also highlighted and analyzed. The lack of an appropriate animal model for RP mandates that more efforts be undertaken in order to better understand and eventually treat this disease. Although several lines of treatment are utilized, it is important to note that precaution is often effective in reducing severity or frequency of RP attacks. äRaynaud?s Phenomenon: A Brief Review of the Underlying Mechanisms (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing