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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Investig+Clin+Urol 2016 ; 57 (6): 377-83 Nephropedia Template TP
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Secondary and tertiary treatments for multiple sclerosis patients with urinary symptoms #MMPMID27847911
Tracey JM; Stoffel JT
Investig Clin Urol 2016[Nov]; 57 (6): 377-83 PMID27847911show ga
Multiple sclerosis patients with refractory urinary symptoms after treatment with behavioral therapy and medications still have treatment options. Prior to starting treatments, baseline symptoms should be assessed and treatment goals thoroughly discussed. Catheterization, botulinum toxin, and reconstructive surgery all can play a role in improving both safety and quality of life for these patients. Newer modalities, such as neuromodulation, may also have an increasing role in the future as more data develop regarding efficacy. Risks need to be weighed against any perceived benefit and disease status before more aggressive therapy is initiated.