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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Front+Endocrinol+(Lausanne)
2016 ; 7
(ä): 144
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Excessive Cytosolic DNA Fragments as a Potential Trigger of Graves Disease: An
Encrypted Message Sent by Animal Models
#MMPMID27895620
Luo Y
; Yoshihara A
; Oda K
; Ishido Y
; Suzuki K
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
2016[]; 7
(ä): 144
PMID27895620
show ga
Graves' hyperthyroidism is caused by autoantibodies directed against the
thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) that mimic the action of TSH. The
establishment of Graves' hyperthyroidism in experimental animals has proven to be
an important approach to dissect the mechanisms of self-tolerance breakdown that
lead to the production of thyroid-stimulating TSHR autoantibodies (TSAbs).
"Shimojo's model" was the first successful Graves' animal model, wherein
immunization with fibroblasts cells expressing TSHR and a major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule, but not either alone, induced
TSAb production in AKR/N (H-2(k)) mice. This model highlights the importance of
coincident MHC class II expression on TSHR-expressing cells in the development of
Graves' hyperthyroidism. These data are also in agreement with the observation
that Graves' thyrocytes often aberrantly express MHC class II antigens via
mechanisms that remain unclear. Our group demonstrated that cytosolic
self-genomic DNA fragments derived from sterile injured cells can induce aberrant
MHC class II expression and production of multiple inflammatory cytokines and
chemokines in thyrocytes in vitro, suggesting that severe cell injury may
initiate immune responses in a way that is relevant to thyroid autoimmunity
mediated by cytosolic DNA signaling. Furthermore, more recent successful Graves'
animal models were primarily established by immunizing mice with TSHR-expressing
plasmids or adenovirus. In these models, double-stranded DNA vaccine contents
presumably exert similar immune-activating effect in cells at inoculation sites
and thus might pave the way toward successful Graves' animal models. This review
focuses on evidence suggesting that cell injury-derived self-DNA fragments could
act as Graves' disease triggers.