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2016 ; 42
(12
): 1948-1957
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Refractory septic shock in children: a European Society of Paediatric and
Neonatal Intensive Care definition
#MMPMID27709263
Morin L
; Ray S
; Wilson C
; Remy S
; Benissa MR
; Jansen NJG
; Javouhey E
; Peters MJ
; Kneyber M
; De Luca D
; Nadel S
; Schlapbach LJ
; Maclaren G
; Tissieres P
Intensive Care Med
2016[Dec]; 42
(12
): 1948-1957
PMID27709263
show ga
PURPOSE: Although overall paediatric septic shock mortality is decreasing,
refractory septic shock (RSS) is still associated with high mortality. A
definition for RSS is urgently needed to facilitate earlier identification and
treatment. We aim to establish a European society of paediatric and neonatal
intensive care (ESPNIC) experts' definition of paediatric RSS. METHODS: We
conducted a two-round Delphi study followed by an observational multicentre
retrospective study. One hundred and fourteen paediatric intensivists answered a
clinical case-based, two-round Delphi survey, identifying clinical items
consistent with RSS. Multivariate analysis of these items in a development
single-centre cohort (70 patients, 30 % mortality) facilitated development of RSS
definitions based on either a bedside or computed severity score. Both scores
were subsequently tested in a validation cohort (six centres, 424 patients,
11.6 % mortality). RESULTS: From the Delphi process, the draft definition
included evidence of myocardial dysfunction and high blood lactate levels despite
high vasopressor treatment. When assessed in the development population, each
item was independently associated with the need for extracorporeal life support
(ECLS) or death. Resultant bedside and computed septic shock scores had high
discriminative power against the need for ECLS or death, with areas under the
receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.920 (95 % CI 0.89-0.94), and 0.956
(95 % CI 0.93-0.97), respectively. RSS defined by a bedside score equal to or
higher than 2 and a computed score equal to or higher than 3.5 was associated
with a significant increase in mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This ESPNIC definition of
RSS accurately identifies children with the most severe form of septic shock.