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2017 ; 73
(1
): 156-166
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Alternative measures of between-study heterogeneity in meta-analysis: Reducing
the impact of outlying studies
#MMPMID27167143
Lin L
; Chu H
; Hodges JS
Biometrics
2017[Mar]; 73
(1
): 156-166
PMID27167143
show ga
Meta-analysis has become a widely used tool to combine results from independent
studies. The collected studies are homogeneous if they share a common underlying
true effect size; otherwise, they are heterogeneous. A fixed-effect model is
customarily used when the studies are deemed homogeneous, while a random-effects
model is used for heterogeneous studies. Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analysis
is critical for model selection and decision making. Ideally, if heterogeneity is
present, it should permeate the entire collection of studies, instead of being
limited to a small number of outlying studies. Outliers can have great impact on
conventional measures of heterogeneity and the conclusions of a meta-analysis.
However, no widely accepted guidelines exist for handling outliers. This article
proposes several new heterogeneity measures. In the presence of outliers, the
proposed measures are less affected than the conventional ones. The performance
of the proposed and conventional heterogeneity measures are compared
theoretically, by studying their asymptotic properties, and empirically, using
simulations and case studies.