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2016 ; 16
(1
): 652
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Comparing culture and molecular methods for the identification of microorganisms
involved in necrotizing soft tissue infections
#MMPMID27821087
Rudkjøbing VB
; Thomsen TR
; Xu Y
; Melton-Kreft R
; Ahmed A
; Eickhardt S
; Bjarnsholt T
; Poulsen SS
; Nielsen PH
; Earl JP
; Ehrlich GD
; Moser C
BMC Infect Dis
2016[Nov]; 16
(1
): 652
PMID27821087
show ga
BACKGROUND: Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are a group of infections
affecting all soft tissues. NSTI involves necrosis of the afflicted tissue and is
potentially life threatening due to major and rapid destruction of tissue, which
often leads to septic shock and organ failure. The gold standard for
identification of pathogens is culture; however molecular methods for
identification of microorganisms may provide a more rapid result and may be able
to identify additional microorganisms that are not detected by culture. METHODS:
In this study, tissue samples (n?=?20) obtained after debridement of 10 patients
with NSTI were analyzed by standard culture, fluorescence in situ hybridization
(FISH) and multiple molecular methods. The molecular methods included analysis of
microbial diversity by 1) direct 16S and D2LSU rRNA gene Microseq 2) construction
of near full-length 16S rRNA gene clone libraries with subsequent Sanger
sequencing for most samples, 3) the Ibis T5000 biosensor and 4) 454-based
pyrosequencing. Furthermore, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to verify and
determine the relative abundance of Streptococcus pyogenes in samples. RESULTS:
For 70 % of the surgical samples it was possible to identify microorganisms by
culture. Some samples did not result in growth (presumably due to administration
of antimicrobial therapy prior to sampling). The molecular methods identified
microorganisms in 90 % of the samples, and frequently detected additional
microorganisms when compared to culture. Although the molecular methods generally
gave concordant results, our results indicate that Microseq may misidentify or
overlook microorganisms that can be detected by other molecular methods. Half of
the patients were found to be infected with S. pyogenes, but several atypical
findings were also made including infection by a) Acinetobacter baumannii, b)
Streptococcus pneumoniae, and c) fungi, mycoplasma and Fusobacterium necrophorum.
CONCLUSION: The study emphasizes that many pathogens can be involved in NSTIs,
and that no specific "NSTI causing" combination of species exists. This means
that clinicians should be prepared to diagnose and treat any combination of
microbial pathogens. Some of the tested molecular methods offer a faster
turnaround time combined with a high specificity, which makes supplemental use of
such methods attractive for identification of microorganisms, especially for
fulminant life-threatening infections such as NSTI.