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2016 ; 10
(ä): 109
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The Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus as a Motor and Cognitive Interface between
the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia
#MMPMID27872585
Mori F
; Okada KI
; Nomura T
; Kobayashi Y
Front Neuroanat
2016[]; 10
(ä): 109
PMID27872585
show ga
As an important component of ascending activating systems, brainstem cholinergic
neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) are involved in the
regulation of motor control (locomotion, posture and gaze) and cognitive
processes (attention, learning and memory). The PPTg is highly interconnected
with several regions of the basal ganglia, and one of its key functions is to
regulate and relay activity from the basal ganglia. Together, they have been
implicated in the motor control system (such as voluntary movement initiation or
inhibition), and modulate aspects of executive function (such as motivation). In
addition to its intimate connection with the basal ganglia, projections from the
PPTg to the cerebellum have been recently reported to synaptically activate the
deep cerebellar nuclei. Classically, the cerebellum and basal ganglia were
regarded as forming separated anatomical loops that play a distinct functional
role in motor and cognitive behavioral control. Here, we suggest that the PPTg
may also act as an interface device between the basal ganglia and cerebellum. As
such, part of the therapeutic effect of PPTg deep brain stimulation (DBS) to
relieve gait freezing and postural instability in advanced Parkinson's disease
(PD) patients might also involve modulation of the cerebellum. We review the
anatomical position and role of the PPTg in the pathway of basal ganglia and
cerebellum in relation to motor control, cognitive function and PD.
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