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2016 ; 13
(123
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
On the possibility of galactic cosmic ray-induced radiolysis-powered life in
subsurface environments in the Universe
#MMPMID27707907
Atri D
J R Soc Interface
2016[Oct]; 13
(123
): ä PMID27707907
show ga
Photosynthesis is a mechanism developed by terrestrial life to utilize the energy
from photons of solar origin for biological use. Subsurface regions are isolated
from the photosphere, and consequently are incapable of utilizing this energy.
This opens up the opportunity for life to evolve alternative mechanisms for
harvesting available energy. Bacterium Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator, found
2.8 km deep in a South African mine, harvests energy from radiolysis, induced by
particles emitted from radioactive U, Th and K present in surrounding rock.
Another radiation source in the subsurface environments is secondary particles
generated by galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). Using Monte Carlo simulations, it is
shown that it is a steady source of energy comparable to that produced by
radioactive substances, and the possibility of a slow metabolizing life
flourishing on it cannot be ruled out. Two mechanisms are proposed through which
GCR-induced secondary particles can be utilized for biological use in subsurface
environments: (i) GCRs injecting energy in the environment through
particle-induced radiolysis and (ii) organic synthesis from GCR secondaries
interacting with the medium. Laboratory experiments to test these hypotheses are
also proposed. Implications of these mechanisms on finding life in the Solar
System and elsewhere in the Universe are discussed.