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2016 ; 17
(11
): 1590-1608
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Steric hindrance of SNARE transmembrane domain organization impairs the
hemifusion-to-fusion transition
#MMPMID27644261
D'Agostino M
; Risselada HJ
; Mayer A
EMBO Rep
2016[Nov]; 17
(11
): 1590-1608
PMID27644261
show ga
SNAREs fuse membranes in several steps. Trans-SNARE complexes juxtapose
membranes, induce hemifused stalk structures, and open the fusion pore. A recent
penetration model of fusion proposed that SNAREs force the hydrophilic C-termini
of their transmembrane domains through the hydrophobic core of the membrane(s).
In contrast, the indentation model suggests that the C-termini open the pore by
locally compressing and deforming the stalk. Here we test these models in the
context of yeast vacuole fusion. Addition of small hydrophilic tags renders
bilayer penetration by the C-termini energetically unlikely. It preserves fusion
activity, however, arguing against the penetration model. Addition of large
protein tags to the C-termini permits SNARE activation, trans-SNARE pairing, and
hemifusion but abolishes pore opening. Fusion proceeds if the tags are detached
from the membrane by a hydrophilic spacer or if only one side of the trans-SNARE
complex carries a protein tag. Thus, both sides of a trans-SNARE complex can
drive pore opening. Our results are consistent with an indentation model in which
multiple SNARE C-termini cooperate in opening the fusion pore by locally
deforming the inner leaflets.