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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Curr+Opin+Hematol 2016 ; 23 (4): 339-45 Nephropedia Template TP
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Microenvironmental Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Its Implications in Leukemogenesis #MMPMID27071022
Seshadri M; Qu CK
Curr Opin Hematol 2016[Jul]; 23 (4): 339-45 PMID27071022show ga
Purpose of Review: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a population of cells in the bone marrow (BM) which can self-renew, differentiate into late lineage progenitors, or remain quiescent. HSCs exist alongside several cell types in the BM microenvironment which comprise the stem cell niche. These cells regulate HSC function and can contribute to leukemogenesis. In this review we will discuss recent advances in this field. Recent Findings: In the vascular niche, arteriolar and sinusoidal zones appear to play distinct roles in HSC function. Endothelial cells modulate HSC function via Notch and other signaling pathways. In the endosteal niche multiple cell types regulate HSCs. Osteoblasts promote HSC quiescence via secreted factors and possibly physical interactions, while adipocytes may oppose HSC quiescence. The balance of these opposing factors depends on metabolic cues. Feedback from HSC-derived cells including macrophages and megakaryocytes also appear to regulate HSC quiescence. Dysfunction of the BM microenvironment including MSC-derived stromal cells and the sympathetic nervous system can induce or alter the progression of hematologic malignancies. Summary: Many cell types in the BM microenvironment affect HSC function and contribute to malignancy. Further understanding how HSCs are regulated by the microenvironment has clinical implications for stem cell transplantation and other therapies for hematologic malignancies.