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2016 ; 7
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gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Molecular Correlates and Recent Advancements in the Diagnosis and Screening of
FMR1-Related Disorders
#MMPMID27754417
Rajan-Babu IS
; Chong SS
Genes (Basel)
2016[Oct]; 7
(10
): ä PMID27754417
show ga
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common monogenic cause of intellectual
disability and autism. Molecular diagnostic testing of FXS and related disorders
(fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI) and fragile
X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS)) relies on a combination of
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot (SB) for the fragile X mental
retardation 1 (FMR1) CGG-repeat expansion and methylation analyses. Recent
advancements in PCR-based technologies have enabled the characterization of the
complete spectrum of CGG-repeat mutation, with or without methylation assessment,
and, as a result, have reduced our reliance on the labor- and time-intensive SB,
which is the gold standard FXS diagnostic test. The newer and more robust
triplet-primed PCR or TP-PCR assays allow the mapping of AGG interruptions and
enable the predictive analysis of the risks of unstable CGG expansion during
mother-to-child transmission. In this review, we have summarized the correlation
between several molecular elements, including CGG-repeat size, methylation,
mosaicism and skewed X-chromosome inactivation, and the extent of clinical
involvement in patients with FMR1-related disorders, and reviewed key
developments in PCR-based methodologies for the molecular diagnosis of FXS, FXTAS
and FXPOI, and large-scale (CGG)(n) expansion screening in newborns, women of
reproductive age and high-risk populations.