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2016 ; 29
(6
): 715-734
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Metabolic diagnosis and medical prevention of calcium nephrolithiasis and its
systemic manifestations: a consensus statement
#MMPMID27456839
Gambaro G
; Croppi E
; Coe F
; Lingeman J
; Moe O
; Worcester E
; Buchholz N
; Bushinsky D
; Curhan GC
; Ferraro PM
; Fuster D
; Goldfarb DS
; Heilberg IP
; Hess B
; Lieske J
; Marangella M
; Milliner D
; Preminger GM
; Reis Santos JM
; Sakhaee K
; Sarica K
; Siener R
; Strazzullo P
; Williams JC
J Nephrol
2016[Dec]; 29
(6
): 715-734
PMID27456839
show ga
BACKGROUND: Recently published guidelines on the medical management of renal
stone disease did not address relevant topics in the field of idiopathic calcium
nephrolithiasis, which are important also for clinical research. DESIGN: A
steering committee identified 27 questions, which were proposed to a faculty of
44 experts in nephrolithiasis and allied fields. A systematic review of the
literature was conducted and 5216 potentially relevant articles were selected;
from these, 407 articles were deemed to provide useful scientific information.
The Faculty, divided into working groups, analysed the relevant literature.
Preliminary statements developed by each group were exhaustively discussed in
plenary sessions and approved. RESULTS: Statements were developed to inform
clinicians on the identification of secondary forms of calcium nephrolithiasis
and systemic complications; on the definition of idiopathic calcium
nephrolithiasis; on the use of urinary tests of crystallization and of surgical
observations during stone treatment in the management of these patients; on the
identification of patients warranting preventive measures; on the role of fluid
and nutritional measures and of drugs to prevent recurrent episodes of stones;
and finally, on the cooperation between the urologist and nephrologist in the
renal stone patients. CONCLUSIONS: This document has addressed idiopathic calcium
nephrolithiasis from the perspective of a disease that can associate with
systemic disorders, emphasizing the interplay needed between urologists and
nephrologists. It is complementary to the American Urological Association and
European Association of Urology guidelines. Future areas for research are
identified.
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