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2016 ; 188
(11
): 640
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Presence of thallium in the environment: sources of contaminations, distribution
and monitoring methods
#MMPMID27783348
Karbowska B
Environ Monit Assess
2016[Nov]; 188
(11
): 640
PMID27783348
show ga
Thallium is released into the biosphere from both natural and anthropogenic
sources. It is generally present in the environment at low levels; however, human
activity has greatly increased its content. Atmospheric emission and deposition
from industrial sources have resulted in increased concentrations of thallium in
the vicinity of mineral smelters and coal-burning facilities. Increased levels of
thallium are found in vegetables, fruit and farm animals. Thallium is toxic even
at very low concentrations and tends to accumulate in the environment once it
enters the food chain. Thallium and thallium-based compounds exhibit higher water
solubility compared to other heavy metals. They are therefore also more mobile
(e.g. in soil), generally more bioavailable and tend to bioaccumulate in living
organisms. The main aim of this review was to summarize the recent data regarding
the actual level of thallium content in environmental niches and to elucidate the
most significant sources of thallium in the environment. The review also includes
an overview of analytical methods, which are commonly applied for determination
of thallium in fly ash originating from industrial combustion of coal, in surface
and underground waters, in soils and sediments (including soil derived from
different parent materials), in plant and animal tissues as well as in human
organisms.