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2016 ; 7
(ä): 1639
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How to Make Nothing Out of Something: Analyses of the Impact of Study Sampling
and Statistical Interpretation in Misleading Meta-Analytic Conclusions
#MMPMID27826272
Cunningham MR
; Baumeister RF
Front Psychol
2016[]; 7
(ä): 1639
PMID27826272
show ga
The limited resource model states that self-control is governed by a relatively
finite set of inner resources on which people draw when exerting willpower. Once
self-control resources have been used up or depleted, they are less available for
other self-control tasks, leading to a decrement in subsequent self-control
success. The depletion effect has been studied for over 20 years, tested or
extended in more than 600 studies, and supported in an independent meta-analysis
(Hagger et al., 2010). Meta-analyses are supposed to reduce bias in literature
reviews. Carter et al.'s (2015) meta-analysis, by contrast, included a series of
questionable decisions involving sampling, methods, and data analysis. We provide
quantitative analyses of key sampling issues: exclusion of many of the best
depletion studies based on idiosyncratic criteria and the emphasis on mini
meta-analyses with low statistical power as opposed to the overall depletion
effect. We discuss two key methodological issues: failure to code for research
quality, and the quantitative impact of weak studies by novice researchers. We
discuss two key data analysis issues: questionable interpretation of the results
of trim and fill and Funnel Plot Asymmetry test procedures, and the use and
misinterpretation of the untested Precision Effect Test and Precision Effect
Estimate with Standard Error (PEESE) procedures. Despite these serious problems,
the Carter et al. (2015) meta-analysis results actually indicate that there is a
real depletion effect - contrary to their title.