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10.1038/labinvest.2015.70 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1038/labinvest.2015.70 C5040071!5040071 !26006017     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=26006017 &cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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TGF?1 exacerbates blood-brain barrier permeability in a mouse model of hepatic encephalopathy via upregulation of MMP9 and downregulation of claudin-5 |pdf=|usr=}}{{26006017 }} gab.com Text TGF 1 exacerbates blood-brain barrier permeability in a mouse model of hepatic encephalopathy via upregulation of MMP9 and downregulation of claudin-5 JO: Lab Invest http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26006017 #FOAvip Recent studies have found that vasogenic brain edema is present during hepatic encephalopathy following acute liver failure and is dependent on increased matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) activity and downregulation of tight junction proteins. Furthermore, circulating transforming growth factor ?1 (TGF?1) is increased following liver damage and may promote endothelial cell permeability. This study aimed to assess whether increased circulating TGF?1 drives changes in tight junction protein expression and MMP9 activity following acute liver failure. Blood-brain barrier permeability was assessed in azoxymethane (AOM)-treated mice at 6, 12, and 18?h post-injection via Evan's blue extravasation. Monolayers of immortalized mouse brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3) were treated with recombinant TGF?1 (rTGF?1) and permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran), MMP9 and claudin-5 expression was assessed. Antagonism of TGF?1 signaling was performed in vivo to determine its role in blood-brain barrier permeability. Blood-brain barrier permeability was increased in mice at 18?h following AOM injection. Treatment of bEnd.3 cells with rTGF?1 led to a dose-dependent increase of MMP9 expression as well as a suppression of claudin-5 expression. These effects of rTGF?1 on MMP9 and claudin-5 expression could be reversed following treatment with a SMAD3 inhibitor. AOM-treated mice injected with neutralizing antibodies against TGF? demonstrated significantly reduced blood-brain barrier permeability. Blood-brain barrier permeability is induced in AOM mice via a mechanism involving the TGF?1-driven SMAD3-dependent upregulation of MMP9 expression and decrease of claudin-5 expression. Therefore, treatment modalities aimed at reducing TGF?1 levels or SMAD3 activity may be beneficial in promoting blood-brain barrier integrity following liver failure. Twit Text FOAVip TGF 1 exacerbates blood-brain barrier permeability in a mouse model of hepatic encephalopathy via upregulation of MMP9 and downregulation of claudin-5 ????Lab Invest http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26006017 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=26006017 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|26006017 }}</ref> TGF?1 exacerbates blood-brain barrier permeability in a mouse model of hepatic encephalopathy via upregulation of MMP9 and downregulation of claudin-5 #MMPMID26006017 McMillin MA ; Frampton GA ; Seiwell AP ; Patel NS ; Jacobs AN ; DeMorrow S Lab Invest 2015[Aug]; 95 (8 ): 903-13 PMID26006017 show ga Recent studies have found that vasogenic brain edema is present during hepatic encephalopathy following acute liver failure and is dependent on increased matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) activity and downregulation of tight junction proteins. Furthermore, circulating transforming growth factor ?1 (TGF?1) is increased following liver damage and may promote endothelial cell permeability. This study aimed to assess whether increased circulating TGF?1 drives changes in tight junction protein expression and MMP9 activity following acute liver failure. Blood-brain barrier permeability was assessed in azoxymethane (AOM)-treated mice at 6, 12, and 18?h post-injection via Evan's blue extravasation. Monolayers of immortalized mouse brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3) were treated with recombinant TGF?1 (rTGF?1) and permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran), MMP9 and claudin-5 expression was assessed. Antagonism of TGF?1 signaling was performed in vivo to determine its role in blood-brain barrier permeability. Blood-brain barrier permeability was increased in mice at 18?h following AOM injection. Treatment of bEnd.3 cells with rTGF?1 led to a dose-dependent increase of MMP9 expression as well as a suppression of claudin-5 expression. These effects of rTGF?1 on MMP9 and claudin-5 expression could be reversed following treatment with a SMAD3 inhibitor. AOM-treated mice injected with neutralizing antibodies against TGF? demonstrated significantly reduced blood-brain barrier permeability. Blood-brain barrier permeability is induced in AOM mice via a mechanism involving the TGF?1-driven SMAD3-dependent upregulation of MMP9 expression and decrease of claudin-5 expression. Therefore, treatment modalities aimed at reducing TGF?1 levels or SMAD3 activity may be beneficial in promoting blood-brain barrier integrity following liver failure. |Animals [MESH] |Blood-Brain Barrier/*metabolism [MESH] |Capillary Permeability/*physiology [MESH] |Cell Line [MESH] |Claudin-5/analysis/genetics/*metabolism [MESH] |Down-Regulation/drug effects [MESH] |Hepatic Encephalopathy/*metabolism [MESH] |Male [MESH] |Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics/*metabolism [MESH] |Mice [MESH] |Mice, Inbred C57BL [MESH] |Smad3 Protein/metabolism [MESH] |Transforming Growth Factor beta1/*metabolism/pharmacology [MESH]TGF?1 exacerbates blood-brain barrier permeability in a mouse model of(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing