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10.4161/gmcr.27465 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.4161/gmcr.27465 C5033172!5033172!24499745     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       GM+Crops+Food 2014 ; 5 (1): 44-57 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=24499745|t=2014. Investment, regulation, and uncertainty: Managing new plant breeding techniques |pdf=|usr=}}{{24499745}} gab.com Text Investment, regulation, and uncertainty: Managing new plant breeding techniques JO: GM Crops Food http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24499745 #FOAvip As with any technological innovation, time refines the technology, improving upon the original version of the innovative product. The initial GM crops had single traits for either herbicide tolerance or insect resistance. Current varieties have both of these traits stacked together and in many cases other abiotic and biotic traits have also been stacked. This innovation requires investment. While this is relatively straight forward, certain conditions need to exist such that investments can be facilitated. The principle requirement for investment is that regulatory frameworks render consistent and timely decisions. If the certainty of regulatory outcomes weakens, the potential for changes in investment patterns increases.   This article provides a summary background to the leading plant breeding technologies that are either currently being used to develop new crop varieties or are in the pipeline to be applied to plant breeding within the next few years. Challenges for existing regulatory systems are highlighted. Utilizing an option value approach from investment literature, an assessment of uncertainty regarding the regulatory approval for these varying techniques is undertaken. This research highlights which technology development options have the greatest degree of uncertainty and hence, which ones might be expected to see an investment decline. Twit Text FOAVip Investment, regulation, and uncertainty: Managing new plant breeding techniques ????GM Crops Food http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24499745 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24499745 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|24499745}}</ref> Investment, regulation, and uncertainty: Managing new plant breeding techniques #MMPMID24499745 Smyth SJ; McDonald J; Falck-Zepeda J GM Crops Food 2014[Jan]; 5 (1): 44-57 PMID24499745show ga As with any technological innovation, time refines the technology, improving upon the original version of the innovative product. The initial GM crops had single traits for either herbicide tolerance or insect resistance. Current varieties have both of these traits stacked together and in many cases other abiotic and biotic traits have also been stacked. This innovation requires investment. While this is relatively straight forward, certain conditions need to exist such that investments can be facilitated. The principle requirement for investment is that regulatory frameworks render consistent and timely decisions. If the certainty of regulatory outcomes weakens, the potential for changes in investment patterns increases.   This article provides a summary background to the leading plant breeding technologies that are either currently being used to develop new crop varieties or are in the pipeline to be applied to plant breeding within the next few years. Challenges for existing regulatory systems are highlighted. Utilizing an option value approach from investment literature, an assessment of uncertainty regarding the regulatory approval for these varying techniques is undertaken. This research highlights which technology development options have the greatest degree of uncertainty and hence, which ones might be expected to see an investment decline. äInvestment, regulation, and uncertainty: Managing new plant breeding t(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing