Use my Search Websuite to scan PubMed, PMCentral, Journal Hosts and Journal Archives, FullText. Kick-your-searchterm to multiple Engines kick-your-query now !>

A dictionary by aggregated review articles of nephrology, medicine and the life sciences Your one-stop-run pathway from word to the immediate pdf of peer-reviewed on-topic knowledge.

10.1186/s12883-016-0700-6 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1186/s12883-016-0700-6 C5029068!5029068 !27644442     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=27644442 &cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 215 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 251.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 251.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 251.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 251.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 251.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\27644442 .jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       BMC+Neurol 2016 ; 16 (1 ): 178 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=27644442 |t=2016. Chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, potentiates the radiosensitivity of glioma initiating cells by inhibiting autophagy and activating apoptosis |pdf=|usr=}}{{27644442 }} gab.com Text Chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, potentiates the radiosensitivity of glioma initiating cells by inhibiting autophagy and activating apoptosis JO: BMC Neurol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27644442 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma is refractory to conventional treatment, which is combined of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recent studies have shown that glioma initiating cells (GICs) contribute to tumorigenesis and radioresistance. Recently, other studies showed that the GICs use the autophagy as the major pathway to survive. Chloroquine, an anti-malarial chemical, is an autophagic inhibitor which blocks autophagosome fusion with lysosome and slows down lysosomal acidification. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of chloroquine on the radiosensitivity of GICs. METHODS: Human glioblastoma cell lines U87 were investigated. MTT and clonogenic survival assay were used to evaluate the cell viability and survival from radiation. The formation of autophagosomes were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry were used to quantify the apoptotic cells. The expression levels of proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Cell cycle status was analyzed by checking DNA content after staining with PI. A comet assay was used to assess the DNA repair in the cells. Tumorsphere assay was used for evaluating GICs' renewal ability. RESULTS: Treatment of U87 GICs with chloroquine (10-80 nmol/L) alone inhibited the cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. A dose of chloroquine (20 nmol/L) obviously enhanced the radiation sensitivity of U87 GICs., we found more punctate patterns of microtubule-associated protein LC3 immunoreactivity in radiation-treated U87 GICs, and the level of membrane-bound LC3-II was obviously enhanced. A combination of radiation and chloroquine obviously enhanced the U87 GICs' apoptosis, as demonstrated by the enhanced levels of caspase-3, and reduced level of Bcl-2. In additon, combination of radiation and chloroquine cause G1/G0 cell cycle arrest. what's more, Chloroquine obviously weakened the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage as reflected by the tail length of the comet. Combination treatment of irradiation and chloroquine has synergistic effects on decreasing the GICs' tumorsphere number and diameter. CONCLUSION: Chloroquine enhances the radiosensitivity of GICs in vitro, suggesting the feasibility of joint treatment with chloroquine with radiation for GBM. Twit Text FOAVip Chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, potentiates the radiosensitivity of glioma initiating cells by inhibiting autophagy and activating apoptosis ????BMC Neurol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27644442 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27644442 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|27644442 }}</ref> Chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, potentiates the radiosensitivity of glioma initiating cells by inhibiting autophagy and activating apoptosis #MMPMID27644442 Ye H ; Chen M ; Cao F ; Huang H ; Zhan R ; Zheng X BMC Neurol 2016[Sep]; 16 (1 ): 178 PMID27644442 show ga BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma is refractory to conventional treatment, which is combined of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recent studies have shown that glioma initiating cells (GICs) contribute to tumorigenesis and radioresistance. Recently, other studies showed that the GICs use the autophagy as the major pathway to survive. Chloroquine, an anti-malarial chemical, is an autophagic inhibitor which blocks autophagosome fusion with lysosome and slows down lysosomal acidification. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of chloroquine on the radiosensitivity of GICs. METHODS: Human glioblastoma cell lines U87 were investigated. MTT and clonogenic survival assay were used to evaluate the cell viability and survival from radiation. The formation of autophagosomes were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry were used to quantify the apoptotic cells. The expression levels of proteins were analyzed by Western blot. Cell cycle status was analyzed by checking DNA content after staining with PI. A comet assay was used to assess the DNA repair in the cells. Tumorsphere assay was used for evaluating GICs' renewal ability. RESULTS: Treatment of U87 GICs with chloroquine (10-80 nmol/L) alone inhibited the cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. A dose of chloroquine (20 nmol/L) obviously enhanced the radiation sensitivity of U87 GICs., we found more punctate patterns of microtubule-associated protein LC3 immunoreactivity in radiation-treated U87 GICs, and the level of membrane-bound LC3-II was obviously enhanced. A combination of radiation and chloroquine obviously enhanced the U87 GICs' apoptosis, as demonstrated by the enhanced levels of caspase-3, and reduced level of Bcl-2. In additon, combination of radiation and chloroquine cause G1/G0 cell cycle arrest. what's more, Chloroquine obviously weakened the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage as reflected by the tail length of the comet. Combination treatment of irradiation and chloroquine has synergistic effects on decreasing the GICs' tumorsphere number and diameter. CONCLUSION: Chloroquine enhances the radiosensitivity of GICs in vitro, suggesting the feasibility of joint treatment with chloroquine with radiation for GBM. |Apoptosis/drug effects [MESH] |Autophagy/*drug effects/radiation effects [MESH] |Brain Neoplasms/pathology/*radiotherapy [MESH] |Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects [MESH] |Chloroquine/*pharmacology [MESH] |Dose-Response Relationship, Drug [MESH] |Glioma/pathology/*radiotherapy [MESH] |Humans [MESH] |Radiation Tolerance [MESH]Chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, potentiates the radiosensitivity (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing