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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Curr+Opin+Lipidol
2015 ; 26
(5
): 394-404
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Degradation and beyond: the macrophage lysosome as a nexus for nutrient sensing
and processing in atherosclerosis
#MMPMID26241101
Sergin I
; Evans TD
; Razani B
Curr Opin Lipidol
2015[Oct]; 26
(5
): 394-404
PMID26241101
show ga
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The ability of macrophage lysosomes to degrade both exogenous
and internally derived cargo is paramount to handling the overabundance of lipid
and cytotoxic material present in the atherosclerotic plaque. We will discuss
recent insights in both classical and novel functions of the lysosomal apparatus,
as it pertains to the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS:
Lipid-mediated dysfunction in macrophage lysosomes appears to be a critical event
in plaque progression. Consequences include enhanced inflammatory signalling
[particularly the inflammasome/interleukin-1? axis] and an inability to interface
with autophagy leading to a proatherogenic accumulation of dysfunctional
organelles and protein aggregates. Aside from degradation, several novel
functions have recently been ascribed to lysosomes, including involvement in
macrophage polarization, generation of lipid signalling intermediates and serving
as a nutrient depot for mechanistic target of rapamycin activation, each of which
can have profound implications in atherosclerosis. Finally, the discovery of the
transcription factor transcription factor EB as a mechanism of inducing lysosomal
biogenesis can have therapeutic value by reversing lysosomal dysfunction in
macrophages. SUMMARY: Lysosomes are a central organelle in the processing of
exogenous and intracellular biomolecules. Together with recent data that
implicate the degradation products of lysosomes in modulation of signalling
pathways, these organelles truly do lay at a nexus in nutrient sensing and
processing. Dissecting the full repertoire of lysosome function and ensuing
dysfunction in plaque macrophages is pivotal to our understanding of
atherogenesis.