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10.1038/srep33334 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1038/srep33334 C5024124!5024124!27629812     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Sci+Rep 2016 ; 6 (ä): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=27629812|t=2016. Long-term adaptation of the influenza A virus by escaping cytotoxic T-cell recognition |pdf=|usr=}}{{27629812}} gab.com Text Long-term adaptation of the influenza A virus by escaping cytotoxic T-cell recognition JO: Sci Rep http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27629812 #FOAvip The evolutionary adaptation of the influenza A virus (IAV) to human antibodies is well characterised. Much less is known about the long-term evolution of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, which are important antigens for clearance of infection. We construct an antigenic map of IAVs of all human subtypes using a compendium of 142 confirmed CTL epitopes, and show that IAV evolved gradually in the period 1932?2015, with infrequent antigenic jumps in the H3N2 subtype. Intriguingly, the number of CTL epitopes per virus decreases with more than one epitope per three years in the H3N2 subtype (from 84 epitopes per virus in 1968 to 64 in 2015), mostly attributed to the loss of HLA-B epitopes. We confirm these observations with epitope predictions. Our findings indicate that selection pressures imposed by CTL immunity shape the long-term evolution of IAV. Twit Text FOAVip Long-term adaptation of the influenza A virus by escaping cytotoxic T-cell recognition ????Sci Rep http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27629812 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27629812 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|27629812}}</ref> Long-term adaptation of the influenza A virus by escaping cytotoxic T-cell recognition #MMPMID27629812 Woolthuis RG; van Dorp CH; Ke?mir C; de Boer RJ; van Boven M Sci Rep 2016[]; 6 (ä): ä PMID27629812show ga The evolutionary adaptation of the influenza A virus (IAV) to human antibodies is well characterised. Much less is known about the long-term evolution of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, which are important antigens for clearance of infection. We construct an antigenic map of IAVs of all human subtypes using a compendium of 142 confirmed CTL epitopes, and show that IAV evolved gradually in the period 1932?2015, with infrequent antigenic jumps in the H3N2 subtype. Intriguingly, the number of CTL epitopes per virus decreases with more than one epitope per three years in the H3N2 subtype (from 84 epitopes per virus in 1968 to 64 in 2015), mostly attributed to the loss of HLA-B epitopes. We confirm these observations with epitope predictions. Our findings indicate that selection pressures imposed by CTL immunity shape the long-term evolution of IAV. äLong-term adaptation of the influenza A virus by escaping cytotoxic T-(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing