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2016 ; 11
(9
): e0162568
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A Novel Malate Dehydrogenase 2 Inhibitor Suppresses Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 by
Regulating Mitochondrial Respiration
#MMPMID27611801
Ban HS
; Xu X
; Jang K
; Kim I
; Kim BK
; Lee K
; Won M
PLoS One
2016[]; 11
(9
): e0162568
PMID27611801
show ga
We previously reported that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 inhibitor LW6, an
aryloxyacetylamino benzoic acid derivative, inhibits malate dehydrogenase 2
(MDH2) activity during the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In this
study, we present a novel MDH2 inhibitor compound 7 containing benzohydrazide
moiety, which was identified through structure-based virtual screening of
chemical library. Similar to LW6, compound 7 inhibited MDH2 activity in a
competitive fashion, thereby reducing NADH level. Consequently, compound 7
reduced oxygen consumption and ATP production during the mitochondrial
respiration cycle, resulting in increased intracellular oxygen concentration.
Therefore, compound 7 suppressed the accumulation of HIF-1? and expression of its
target genes, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glucose transporter 1
(GLUT1). Moreover, reduction in ATP content activated AMPK, thereby inactivating
ACC and mTOR the downstream pathways. As expected, compound 7 exhibited
significant growth inhibition of human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. Compound 7
demonstrated substantial anti-tumor efficacy in an in vivo xenograft assay using
HCT116 mouse model. Taken together, a novel MDH2 inhibitor, compound 7,
suppressed HIF-1? accumulation via reduction of oxygen consumption and ATP
production, integrating metabolism into anti-cancer efficacy in cancer cells.
|Animals
[MESH]
|Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology
[MESH]
|Cell Hypoxia/drug effects
[MESH]
|Cell Line, Tumor
[MESH]
|Citric Acid Cycle/drug effects
[MESH]
|Glucose Transporter Type 1/genetics/metabolism
[MESH]