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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 BMC+Cell+Biol
2016 ; 17
(1
): 33
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High resolution imaging reveals heterogeneity in chromatin states between cells
that is not inherited through cell division
#MMPMID27609610
Dickerson D
; Gierli?ski M
; Singh V
; Kitamura E
; Ball G
; Tanaka TU
; Owen-Hughes T
BMC Cell Biol
2016[Sep]; 17
(1
): 33
PMID27609610
show ga
BACKGROUND: Genomes of eukaryotes exist as chromatin, and it is known that
different chromatin states can influence gene regulation. Chromatin is not a
static structure, but is known to be dynamic and vary between cells. In order to
monitor the organisation of chromatin in live cells we have engineered
fluorescent fusion proteins which recognize specific operator sequences to tag
pairs of syntenic gene loci. The separation of these loci was then tracked in
three dimensions over time using fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: We established
a work flow for measuring the distance between two fluorescently tagged, syntenic
gene loci with a mean measurement error of 63 nm. In general, physical separation
was observed to increase with increasing genomic separations. However, the extent
to which chromatin is compressed varies for different genomic regions. No
correlation was observed between compaction and the distribution of chromatin
markers from genomic datasets or with contacts identified using capture based
approaches. Variation in spatial separation was also observed within cells over
time and between cells. Differences in the conformation of individual loci can
persist for minutes in individual cells. Separation of reporter loci was found to
be similar in related and unrelated daughter cell pairs. CONCLUSIONS: The
directly observed physical separation of reporter loci in live cells is highly
dynamic both over time and from cell to cell. However, consistent differences in
separation are observed over some chromosomal regions that do not correlate with
factors known to influence chromatin states. We conclude that as yet unidentified
parameters influence chromatin configuration. We also find that while
heterogeneity in chromatin states can be maintained for minutes between cells, it
is not inherited through cell division. This may contribute to cell-to-cell
transcriptional heterogeneity.