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2016 ; 6
(17
): 6282-91
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Desiccation resistance in tropical insects: causes and mechanisms underlying
variability in a Panama ant community
#MMPMID27648242
Bujan J
; Yanoviak SP
; Kaspari M
Ecol Evol
2016[Sep]; 6
(17
): 6282-91
PMID27648242
show ga
Desiccation resistance, the ability of an organism to reduce water loss, is an
essential trait in arid habitats. Drought frequency in tropical regions is
predicted to increase with climate change, and small ectotherms are often under a
strong desiccation risk. We tested hypotheses regarding the underexplored
desiccation potential of tropical insects. We measured desiccation resistance in
82 ant species from a Panama rainforest by recording the time ants can survive
desiccation stress. Species' desiccation resistance ranged from 0.7 h to 97.9 h.
We tested the desiccation adaptation hypothesis, which predicts higher
desiccation resistance in habitats with higher vapor pressure deficit (VPD) - the
drying power of the air. In a Panama rainforest, canopy microclimates averaged a
VPD of 0.43 kPa, compared to a VPD of 0.05 kPa in the understory. Canopy ants
averaged desiccation resistances 2.8 times higher than the understory ants. We
tested a number of mechanisms to account for desiccation resistance. Smaller
insects should desiccate faster given their higher surface area to volume ratio.
Desiccation resistance increased with ant mass, and canopy ants averaged 16%
heavier than the understory ants. A second way to increase desiccation resistance
is to carry more water. Water content was on average 2.5% higher in canopy ants,
but total water content was not a good predictor of ant desiccation resistance or
critical thermal maximum (CT max), a measure of an ant's thermal tolerance. In
canopy ants, desiccation resistance and CT max were inversely related, suggesting
a tradeoff, while the two were positively correlated in understory ants. This is
the first community level test of desiccation adaptation hypothesis in tropical
insects. Tropical forests do contain desiccation-resistant species, and while we
cannot predict those simply based on their body size, high levels of desiccation
resistance are always associated with the tropical canopy.