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2016 ; 7
(16
): 22409-26
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In vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity of CoQ0 against melanoma cells:
inhibition of metastasis and induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis through
modulation of Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathways
#MMPMID26968952
Hseu YC
; Thiyagarajan V
; Tsou HT
; Lin KY
; Chen HJ
; Lin CM
; Liao JW
; Yang HL
Oncotarget
2016[Apr]; 7
(16
): 22409-26
PMID26968952
show ga
Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone), a novel quinone
derivative, has been shown to modulate cellular redox balance. However, effect of
this compound on melanoma remains unclear. This study examined the in vitro or in
vivo anti-tumor, apoptosis, and anti-metastasis activities of CoQ0 (0-20 ?M)
through inhibition of Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathway. CoQ0 exhibits a
significant cytotoxic effect on melanoma cell lines (B16F10, B16F1, and A2058),
while causing little toxicity toward normal (HaCaT) cells. The suppression of
?-catenin was seen with CoQ0 administration accompanied by a decrease in the
expression of Wnt/?-catenin transcriptional target c-myc, cyclin D1, and survivin
through GSK3?-independent pathway. We found that CoQ0 treatment caused G1
cell-cycle arrest by reducing the levels of cyclin E and CDK4. Furthermore, CoQ0
treatment induced apoptosis through caspase-9/-3 activation, PARP degradation,
Bcl-2/Bax dysregulation, and p53 expression. Notably, non- or sub-cytotoxic
concentrations of CoQ0 markedly inhibited migration and invasion, accompanied by
the down-regulation of MMP-2 and -9, and up-regulation of TIMP-1 and -2
expressions in highly metastatic B16F10 cells. Furthermore, the in vivo study
results revealed that CoQ0 treatment inhibited the tumor growth in B16F10
xenografted nude mice. Histological analysis and western blotting confirmed that
CoQ0 significantly decreased the xenografted tumor progression as demonstrated by
induction of apoptosis, suppression of ?-catenin, and inhibition of cell cycle-,
apoptotic-, and metastatic-regulatory proteins. The data suggest that CoQ0
unveils a novel mechanism by down-regulating Wnt/?-catenin pathways and could be
used as a potential lead compound for melanoma chemotherapy.