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2016 ; 5
(8
): e252
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RNF168 cooperates with RNF8 to mediate FOXM1 ubiquitination and degradation in
breast cancer epirubicin treatment
#MMPMID27526106
Kongsema M
; Zona S
; Karunarathna U
; Cabrera E
; Man EP
; Yao S
; Shibakawa A
; Khoo US
; Medema RH
; Freire R
; Lam EW
Oncogenesis
2016[Aug]; 5
(8
): e252
PMID27526106
show ga
The forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) transcription factor has a central role in genotoxic
agent response in breast cancer. FOXM1 is regulated at the post-translational
level upon DNA damage, but the key mechanism involved remained enigmatic. RNF168
is a ubiquitination E3-ligase involved in DNA damage response. Western blot and
gene promoter-reporter analyses showed that the expression level and
transcriptional activity of FOXM1 reduced upon RNF168 overexpression and
increased with RNF168 depletion by siRNA, suggesting that RNF168 negatively
regulates FOXM1 expression. Co-immunoprecipitation studies in MCF-7 cells
revealed that RNF168 interacted with FOXM1 and that upon epirubicin treatment
FOXM1 downregulation was associated with an increase in RNF168 binding and
conjugation to the protein degradation-associated K48-linked polyubiquitin
chains. Consistently, RNF168 overexpression resulted in an increase in turnover
of FOXM1 in MCF-7 cells treated with the protein synthesis inhibitor
cycloheximide. Conversely, RNF168, knockdown significantly enhanced the half-life
of FOXM1 in both absence and presence of epirubicin. Using a
SUMOylation-defective FOXM1-5x(K>R) mutant, we demonstrated that SUMOylation is
required for the recruitment of RNF168 to mediate FOXM1 degradation. In addition,
clonogenic assays also showed that RNF168 mediates epirubicin action through
targeting FOXM1, as RNF168 could synergise with epirubicin to repress clonal
formation in wild-type but not in FOXM1-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts
(MEFs). The physiological relevance of RNF168-mediated FOXM1 repression is
further emphasized by the significant inverse correlation between FOXM1 and
RNF168 expression in breast cancer patient samples. Moreover, we also obtained
evidence that RNF8 recruits RNF168 to FOXM1 upon epirubicin treatment and
cooperates with RNF168 to catalyse FOXM1 ubiquitination and degradation.
Collectively, these data suggest that RNF168 cooperates with RNF8 to mediate the
ubiquitination and degradation of SUMOylated FOXM1 in breast cancer genotoxic
response.