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2016 ; 5
(1
): 81
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Epidemiological and clinical aspects of urogenital schistosomiasis in women, in
Burkina Faso, West Africa
#MMPMID27581074
Zida A
; Briegel J
; Kabré I
; Sawadogo MP
; Sangaré I
; Bamba S
; Yacouba A
; Ouédraogo A
; Yonli D
; Drabo F
; Traoré LK
; Ouédraogo-Traoré R
; Guiguemdé RT
; Wacker J
Infect Dis Poverty
2016[Sep]; 5
(1
): 81
PMID27581074
show ga
BACKGROUND: Because infections with Schistosoma Haematobium usually peak in
childhood, the majority of studies on schistosomiasis have focused on school-aged
children. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological and clinical aspects of
urogenital schistosomiasis in women in Burkina Faso, West Africa. METHODS: A
cross-sectional study was conducted in a mesoendemic region (Kombissiri) and a
hyperendemic region (Dori) for schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso. A total of 287
females aged 5 to 50 years were included in the study. S. haematobium infection
was assessed using the urine filtration method and dipsticks were used for the
detection of hematuria. Interviews were conducted to identify clinical aspects
and risk factors related to urogenital schistosomiasis. RESULTS: The overall
prevalence of S. haematobium infection in Dori was 21.3 %, where as Kombissiri
was less affected with a prevalence of 4.6 %. The most affected age group was the
10- to 14-year-olds (41.2 %), followed by the 15- to 19-year-olds (26.3 %). Risk
factors significantly associated with schistosomiasis (P <0.05) were place of
residence, age, contact with open water in the past year, and distance of home to
open water. The percentage of participants who had contact with open water was
significantly higher among the women living in Dori compared to Kombissiri.
Females over 15 years of age showed a significant higher rate of water contact
compared to the 5- to 15-year-olds. A significant correlation between
schistosomiasis and hematuria was established. Microhematuria showed a
sensitivity of 80.6 %, a specificity of 92.7 %, and a positive predictive value
of 61.7 %, whereas macrohematuria had a sensitivity of 47.2 %, a specificity of
99.2 %, and a positive predictive value of 89.5 %. The mass distribution of
praziquantel in Burkina Faso is well established. However, over half of the
participants with schistosomiasis in this study said they took praziquantel in
the past 6 months, which indicates a high reinfection rate. This may be
associated with a lack of knowledge about the transmission of schistosomiasis.
Only 6 % of the participants in Kombissiri and 1.5 % in Dori knew about the
correct mode of transmission. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study indicate that
distribution campaigns should be extended from school-aged children to young
women. Our data also demonstrate the necessity of combining already established
mass distribution campaigns with information campaigns, so that long-term
elimination, or at least reduction, of schistosomiasis can be achieved.