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2016 ; 17
(9
): 1242-4
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Close encounters of the type-six kind: injected bacterial toxins modulate gut
microbial composition
#MMPMID27506890
Sassone-Corsi M
; Raffatellu M
EMBO Rep
2016[Sep]; 17
(9
): 1242-4
PMID27506890
show ga
Bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes constitute a substantial portion of the
human gut microbiota, including symbionts and opportunistic pathogens. How these
bacteria coexist and provide colonization resistance to pathogenic strains is not
well understood. In this issue of EMBO Reports, Hecht and colleagues describe a
mechanism by which strains of Bacteroides fragilis compete with each other for an
intestinal niche 1. Prompted by the observation that B. fragilis populations
appear to be dominated by either commensal, non?toxigenic strains, or by
enterotoxigenic, potentially pathogenic strains, the authors investigated
mechanisms of competition between these two subsets. In agreement with two recent
studies 2, 3, Hecht et al 1 found that competition between B. fragilis strains is
dependent on a type?6 secretion system (T6SS) apparatus, secreted effectors, and
immunity genes. They identify a T6SS effector?immunity gene pair that enables a
non?toxigenic strain to competitively exclude enterotoxigenic B. fragilis, thus
providing a proof of principle for the use of T6SS?mediated killing as a
therapeutic strategy to eradicate pathogenic strains.