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2016 ; 7
(ä): 1369
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gab.com Text
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English Wikipedia
Current State of Knowledge in Microbial Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons (PAHs): A Review
#MMPMID27630626
Ghosal D
; Ghosh S
; Dutta TK
; Ahn Y
Front Microbiol
2016[]; 7
(ä): 1369
PMID27630626
show ga
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) include a group of organic priority
pollutants of critical environmental and public health concern due to their
toxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic properties and their ubiquitous
occurrence as well as recalcitrance. The increased awareness of their various
adverse effects on ecosystem and human health has led to a dramatic increase in
research aimed toward removing PAHs from the environment. PAHs may undergo
adsorption, volatilization, photolysis, and chemical oxidation, although
transformation by microorganisms is the major neutralization process of
PAH-contaminated sites in an ecologically accepted manner. Microbial degradation
of PAHs depends on various environmental conditions, such as nutrients, number
and kind of the microorganisms, nature as well as chemical property of the PAH
being degraded. A wide variety of bacterial, fungal and algal species have the
potential to degrade/transform PAHs, among which bacteria and fungi mediated
degradation has been studied most extensively. In last few decades microbial
community analysis, biochemical pathway for PAHs degradation, gene organization,
enzyme system, genetic regulation for PAH degradation have been explored in great
detail. Although, xenobiotic-degrading microorganisms have incredible potential
to restore contaminated environments inexpensively yet effectively, but new
advancements are required to make such microbes effective and more powerful in
removing those compounds, which were once thought to be recalcitrant. Recent
analytical chemistry and genetic engineering tools might help to improve the
efficiency of degradation of PAHs by microorganisms, and minimize uncertainties
of successful bioremediation. However, appropriate implementation of the
potential of naturally occurring microorganisms for field bioremediation could be
considerably enhanced by optimizing certain factors such as bioavailability,
adsorption and mass transfer of PAHs. The main purpose of this review is to
provide an overview of current knowledge of bacteria, halophilic archaea, fungi
and algae mediated degradation/transformation of PAHs. In addition, factors
affecting PAHs degradation in the environment, recent advancement in genetic,
genomic, proteomic and metabolomic techniques are also highlighted with an aim to
facilitate the development of a new insight into the bioremediation of PAH in the
environment.