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2016 ; 208
(1
): 23-32
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Mechanisms of host seeking by parasitic nematodes
#MMPMID27211240
Gang SS
; Hallem EA
Mol Biochem Parasitol
2016[Jul]; 208
(1
): 23-32
PMID27211240
show ga
The phylum Nematoda comprises a diverse group of roundworms that includes
parasites of vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. Human-parasitic nematodes
infect more than one billion people worldwide and cause some of the most common
neglected tropical diseases, particularly in low-resource countries [1].
Parasitic nematodes of livestock and crops result in billions of dollars in
losses each year [1]. Many nematode infections are treatable with low-cost
anthelmintic drugs, but repeated infections are common in endemic areas and drug
resistance is a growing concern with increasing therapeutic and agricultural
administration [1]. Many parasitic nematodes have an environmental infective
larval stage that engages in host seeking, a process whereby the infective larvae
use sensory cues to search for hosts. Host seeking is a complex behavior that
involves multiple sensory modalities, including olfaction, gustation,
thermosensation, and humidity sensation. As the initial step of the parasite-host
interaction, host seeking could be a powerful target for preventative
intervention. However, host-seeking behavior remains poorly understood. Here we
review what is currently known about the host-seeking behaviors of different
parasitic nematodes, including insect-parasitic nematodes, mammalian-parasitic
nematodes, and plant-parasitic nematodes. We also discuss the neural bases of
these behaviors.
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