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10.1007/s00213-016-4363-1 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1007/s00213-016-4363-1 C4990818!4990818 !27376946     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=27376946 &cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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Maladaptive choices by defeated rats: link between rapid approach to social threat and escalated cocaine self-administration |pdf=|usr=}}{{27376946 }} gab.com Text Maladaptive choices by defeated rats: link between rapid approach to social threat and escalated cocaine self-administration JO: Psychopharmacology (Berl) http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27376946 #FOAvip RATIONALE: Intermittent social defeat stress engenders persistent neuroadaptations and can result in later increased cocaine taking and seeking. However, there are individual differences in stress-escalated cocaine self-administration behavior, which may be a direct result of individual differences in the manner in which rats experience social defeat stress. OBJECTIVE: The present study dissected the discrete behavioral phases of social defeat and analyzed which behavioral characteristics may be predictive of subsequent cocaine self-administration. METHODS: Male Long-Evans rats underwent nine intermittent social defeat episodes over 21 days in a three-compartment apparatus permitting approach to and escape from a confrontation with an aggressive resident rat. Rats then self-administered intravenous cocaine, which culminated in a 24-h unlimited access "binge." Behaviors during social defeat and cocaine self-administration were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS: PCA revealed that the latency to enter the threatening environment was highly predictive of later cocaine self-administration during the 24-h binge. This behavior was not associated with other cocaine-predictive traits, such as reactivity to novelty in an open field, saccharin preference, and motor impulsivity. Additionally, there was no effect of latency to enter a threatening environment on physiological measures of stress, including plasma corticosterone and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the extended amygdala. However, latency to enter the threatening environment was negatively correlated with brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that latency to enter a threatening environment is a novel behavioral characteristic predictive of later cocaine self-administration. Twit Text FOAVip Maladaptive choices by defeated rats: link between rapid approach to social threat and escalated cocaine self-administration ????Psychopharmacology (Berl) http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27376946 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27376946 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|27376946 }}</ref> Maladaptive choices by defeated rats: link between rapid approach to social threat and escalated cocaine self-administration #MMPMID27376946 Boyson CO ; Holly EN ; Burke AR ; Montagud-Romero S ; DeBold JF ; Miczek KA Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016[Sep]; 233 (17 ): 3173-86 PMID27376946 show ga RATIONALE: Intermittent social defeat stress engenders persistent neuroadaptations and can result in later increased cocaine taking and seeking. However, there are individual differences in stress-escalated cocaine self-administration behavior, which may be a direct result of individual differences in the manner in which rats experience social defeat stress. OBJECTIVE: The present study dissected the discrete behavioral phases of social defeat and analyzed which behavioral characteristics may be predictive of subsequent cocaine self-administration. METHODS: Male Long-Evans rats underwent nine intermittent social defeat episodes over 21 days in a three-compartment apparatus permitting approach to and escape from a confrontation with an aggressive resident rat. Rats then self-administered intravenous cocaine, which culminated in a 24-h unlimited access "binge." Behaviors during social defeat and cocaine self-administration were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS: PCA revealed that the latency to enter the threatening environment was highly predictive of later cocaine self-administration during the 24-h binge. This behavior was not associated with other cocaine-predictive traits, such as reactivity to novelty in an open field, saccharin preference, and motor impulsivity. Additionally, there was no effect of latency to enter a threatening environment on physiological measures of stress, including plasma corticosterone and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the extended amygdala. However, latency to enter the threatening environment was negatively correlated with brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that latency to enter a threatening environment is a novel behavioral characteristic predictive of later cocaine self-administration. |*Behavior, Animal [MESH] |*Choice Behavior [MESH] |*Social Behavior [MESH] |Aggression [MESH] |Animals [MESH] |Cocaine-Related Disorders [MESH] |Cocaine/*administration & dosage [MESH] |Corticosterone/metabolism [MESH] |Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism [MESH] |Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/*administration & dosage [MESH] |Individuality [MESH] |Male [MESH] |Principal Component Analysis [MESH] |Rats [MESH] |Rats, Long-Evans [MESH] |Saccharin/administration & dosage [MESH] |Self Administration [MESH] |Stress, Psychological/metabolism/*psychology [MESH]Maladaptive choices by defeated rats: link between rapid approach to s(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing