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2016 ; 71
(3
): 271-92
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The Microscope against Cell Theory: Cancer Research in Nineteenth-Century
Parisian Anatomical Pathology
#MMPMID26787747
Loison L
J Hist Med Allied Sci
2016[Jul]; 71
(3
): 271-92
PMID26787747
show ga
This paper examines the reception of cell theory in the field of French
anatomical pathology. This reception is studied under the lens of the concept of
the cancer cell, which was developed in Paris in the 1840s. In the medical field,
cell theory was quickly accessible, understood, and discussed. In the wake of
research by Hermann Lebert, the cancer cell concept was supported by a wealth of
high-quality microscopic observations. The concept was constructed in opposition
to cell theory, which appears retrospectively paradoxical and surprising. Indeed,
the biological atomism inherent in cell theory, according to which the cell is
the elementary unit of all organs of living bodies, appeared at the time
incompatible with the possible existence of pathological cells without equivalent
in healthy tissues. Thus, the postulate of atomism was used as an argument by
Parisian clinicians who denied the value of the cancer cell. This study shows
that at least in the field of anatomical pathology, cell theory did not directly
result from the use of the microscope but was actually hindered by it.