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10.1098/rstb.2015.0437 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1098/rstb.2015.0437 C4978877!4978877!27502384     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Philos+Trans+R+Soc+Lond+B+Biol+Sci 2016 ; 371 (1703): ä Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=27502384|t=2016. Woody encroachment over 70 years in South African savannahs: overgrazing, global change or extinction aftershock?|pdf=|usr=}}{{27502384}} gab.com Text Woody encroachment over 70 years in South African savannahs: overgrazing, global change or extinction aftershock JO: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27502384 #FOAvip Woody encroachment in ?open? biomes like grasslands and savannahs is occurring globally. Both local and global drivers, including elevated CO2, have been implicated in these increases. The relative importance of different processes is unresolved as there are few multi-site, multi-land-use evaluations of woody plant encroachment. We measured 70 years of woody cover changes over a 1020 km2 area covering four land uses (commercial ranching, conservation with elephants, conservation without elephants and communal rangelands) across a rainfall gradient in South African savannahs. Different directions of woody cover change would be expected for each different land use, unless a global factor is causing the increases. Woody cover change was measured between 1940 and 2010 using the aerial photo record. Detection of woody cover from each aerial photograph was automated using eCognitions' Object-based image analysis (OBIA). Woody cover doubled in all land uses across the rainfall gradient, except in conservation areas with elephants in low-rainfall savannahs. Woody cover in 2010 in low-rainfall savannahs frequently exceeded the maximum woody cover threshold predicted for African savannahs. The results indicate that a global factor, of which elevated CO2 is the likely candidate, may be driving encroachment. Elephants in low-rainfall savannahs prevent encroachment and localized megafaunal extinction is a probable additional cause of encroachment.This article is part of the themed issue ?Tropical grassy biomes: linking ecology, human use and conservation?. Twit Text FOAVip Woody encroachment over 70 years in South African savannahs: overgrazing, global change or extinction aftershock ????Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27502384 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27502384 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|27502384}}</ref> Woody encroachment over 70 years in South African savannahs: overgrazing, global change or extinction aftershock? #MMPMID27502384 Stevens N; Erasmus BFN; Archibald S; Bond WJ Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016[Sep]; 371 (1703): ä PMID27502384show ga Woody encroachment in ?open? biomes like grasslands and savannahs is occurring globally. Both local and global drivers, including elevated CO2, have been implicated in these increases. The relative importance of different processes is unresolved as there are few multi-site, multi-land-use evaluations of woody plant encroachment. We measured 70 years of woody cover changes over a 1020 km2 area covering four land uses (commercial ranching, conservation with elephants, conservation without elephants and communal rangelands) across a rainfall gradient in South African savannahs. Different directions of woody cover change would be expected for each different land use, unless a global factor is causing the increases. Woody cover change was measured between 1940 and 2010 using the aerial photo record. Detection of woody cover from each aerial photograph was automated using eCognitions' Object-based image analysis (OBIA). Woody cover doubled in all land uses across the rainfall gradient, except in conservation areas with elephants in low-rainfall savannahs. Woody cover in 2010 in low-rainfall savannahs frequently exceeded the maximum woody cover threshold predicted for African savannahs. The results indicate that a global factor, of which elevated CO2 is the likely candidate, may be driving encroachment. Elephants in low-rainfall savannahs prevent encroachment and localized megafaunal extinction is a probable additional cause of encroachment.This article is part of the themed issue ?Tropical grassy biomes: linking ecology, human use and conservation?. äWoody encroachment over 70 years in South African savannahs: overgrazi(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing