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2016 ; 374
(2076
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
The Stone-Wales transformation: from fullerenes to graphite, from radiation
damage to heat capacity
#MMPMID27501968
Heggie MI
; Haffenden GL
; Latham CD
; Trevethan T
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci
2016[Sep]; 374
(2076
): ä PMID27501968
show ga
The Stone-Wales (SW) transformation, or carbon-bond rotation, has been
fundamental to understanding fullerene growth and stability, and ab initio
calculations show it to be a high-energy process. The nature and topology of the
fullerene energy landscape shows how the Ih-C60 must be the final product, if SW
transformations are fast enough, and various mechanisms for their catalysis have
been proposed. We review SW transformations in fullerenes and then discuss the
analogous transformation in graphite, where they form the Dienes defect,
originally posited to be a transition state in the direct exchange of a bonded
atom pair. On the basis of density functional theory calculations in the local
density approximation, we propose that non-equilibrium concentrations of the
Dienes defect arising from displacing radiation are rapidly healed by point
defects and that equilibrium concentrations of Dienes defects are responsible for
the divergent ultra-high-temperature heat capacity of graphite.This article is
part of the themed issue 'Fullerenes: past, present and future, celebrating the
30th anniversary of Buckminster Fullerene'.