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2015 ; 13
(9
): 558-69
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Development of a Cell-Based Fluorescence Polarization Biosensor Using
Preproinsulin to Identify Compounds That Alter Insulin Granule Dynamics
#MMPMID26505612
Yi NY
; He Q
; Caligan TB
; Smith GR
; Forsberg LJ
; Brenman JE
; Sexton JZ
Assay Drug Dev Technol
2015[Nov]; 13
(9
): 558-69
PMID26505612
show ga
Diabetes currently affects 9.3% of the U.S. population totaling $245 billion
annually in U.S. direct and indirect healthcare costs. Current therapies for
diabetes are limited in their ability to control blood glucose and/or enhance
insulin sensitivity. Therefore, innovative and efficacious therapies for diabetes
are urgently needed. Herein we describe a fluorescent insulin reporter system
(preproinsulin-mCherry, PPI-mCherry) that tracks live-cell insulin dynamics and
secretion in pancreatic ?-cells with utility for high-content assessment of
real-time insulin dynamics. Additionally, we report a new modality for sensing
insulin granule packaging in conventional high-throughput screening (HTS), using
a hybrid cell-based fluorescence polarization (FP)/internal FRET biosensor using
the PPI-mCherry reporter system. We observed that bafilomycin, a vacuolar H(+)
ATPase inhibitor and inhibitor of insulin granule formation, significantly
increased mCherry FP in INS-1 cells with PPI-mCherry. Partial least squares
regression analysis demonstrated that an increase of FP by bafilomycin is
significantly correlated with a decrease in granularity of PPI-mCherry signal in
the cells. The increased FP by bafilomycin is due to inhibition of self-Förster
resonant energy transfer (homo-FRET) caused by the increased mCherry
intermolecular distance. FP substantially decreases when insulin is tightly
packaged in the granules, and the homo-FRET decreases when insulin granule
packaging is inhibited, resulting in increased FP. We performed pilot HTS of 1782
FDA-approved small molecules and natural products from Prestwick and Enzo
chemical libraries resulting in an overall Z'-factor of 0.52?±?0.03, indicating
the suitability of this biosensor for HTS. This novel biosensor enables live-cell
assessment of protein-protein interaction/protein aggregation in live cells and
is compatible with conventional FP plate readers.