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2016 ; 63
(1
): 167-78
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Prevalent, Dynamic, and Conserved R-Loop Structures Associate with Specific
Epigenomic Signatures in Mammals
#MMPMID27373332
Sanz LA
; Hartono SR
; Lim YW
; Steyaert S
; Rajpurkar A
; Ginno PA
; Xu X
; Chédin F
Mol Cell
2016[Jul]; 63
(1
): 167-78
PMID27373332
show ga
R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures formed upon annealing of an
RNA strand to one strand of duplex DNA. We profiled R-loops using a
high-resolution, strand-specific methodology in human and mouse cell types.
R-loops are prevalent, collectively occupying up to 5% of mammalian genomes.
R-loop formation occurs over conserved genic hotspots such as promoter and
terminator regions of poly(A)-dependent genes. In most cases, R-loops occur
co-transcriptionally and undergo dynamic turnover. Detailed epigenomic profiling
revealed that R-loops associate with specific chromatin signatures. At promoters,
R-loops associate with a hyper-accessible state characteristic of unmethylated
CpG island promoters. By contrast, terminal R-loops associate with an enhancer-
and insulator-like state and define a broad class of transcription terminators.
Together, this suggests that the retention of nascent RNA transcripts at their
site of expression represents an abundant, dynamic, and programmed component of
the mammalian chromatin that affects chromatin patterning and the control of gene
expression.