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Transient inhibition of ROR-?t therapeutically limits intestinal inflammation by reducing TH17 cells and preserving ILC3 #MMPMID26878233
Nat Med 2016[Mar]; 22 (3): 319-23 PMID26878233show ga
RAR-related orphan receptor ?t (ROR-?t) directs differentiation of pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (TH17) cells and is a potential therapeutic target in chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases1?3. However, ROR-?t-dependent group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) provide essential immunity and tissue protection in the intestine4?11, suggesting that targeting ROR-?t could also result in impaired host defense to infection or enhanced tissue damage. Here, we demonstrate that transient chemical inhibition of ROR-?t in mice selectively reduces cytokine production from TH17 cells but not ILC3s in the context of intestinal infection with Citrobacter rodentium, resulting in preserved innate immunity. Transient genetic deletion of ROR-?t in mature ILC3s also did not impair cytokine responses in the steady state or during infection. Finally, pharmacologic inhibition of ROR-?t provided therapeutic benefit in mouse models of intestinal inflammation, and reduced the frequencies of TH17 cells but not ILC3s isolated from primary intestinal samples of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Collectively, these results reveal differential requirements for ROR-?t in the maintenance of TH17 cell versus ILC3 responses, and suggest that transient inhibition of ROR-?t is a safe and effective therapeutic approach during intestinal inflammation.