Research into the Physiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid Reaches a New Horizon:
Intimate Exchange between Cerebrospinal Fluid and Interstitial Fluid May
Contribute to Maintenance of Homeostasis in the Central Nervous System
#MMPMID27245177
Matsumae M
; Sato O
; Hirayama A
; Hayashi N
; Takizawa K
; Atsumi H
; Sorimachi T
Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)
2016[Jul]; 56
(7
): 416-41
PMID27245177
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis
of the central nervous system. The functions of CSF include: (1) buoyancy of the
brain, spinal cord, and nerves; (2) volume adjustment in the cranial cavity; (3)
nutrient transport; (4) protein or peptide transport; (5) brain volume regulation
through osmoregulation; (6) buffering effect against external forces; (7) signal
transduction; (8) drug transport; (9) immune system control; (10) elimination of
metabolites and unnecessary substances; and finally (11) cooling of heat
generated by neural activity. For CSF to fully mediate these functions,
fluid-like movement in the ventricles and subarachnoid space is necessary.
Furthermore, the relationship between the behaviors of CSF and interstitial fluid
in the brain and spinal cord is important. In this review, we will present
classical studies on CSF circulation from its discovery over 2,000 years ago, and
will subsequently introduce functions that were recently discovered such as CSF
production and absorption, water molecule movement in the interstitial space,
exchange between interstitial fluid and CSF, and drainage of CSF and interstitial
fluid into both the venous and the lymphatic systems. Finally, we will summarize
future challenges in research. This review includes articles published up to
February 2016.
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