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2016 ; 291
(25
): 13271-85
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Cofactors of LIM Domains Associate with Estrogen Receptor ? to Regulate the
Expression of Noncoding RNA H19 and Corneal Epithelial Progenitor Cell Function
#MMPMID27129775
Klein RH
; Stephens DN
; Ho H
; Chen JK
; Salmans ML
; Wang W
; Yu Z
; Andersen B
J Biol Chem
2016[Jun]; 291
(25
): 13271-85
PMID27129775
show ga
Cofactors of LIM domain proteins, CLIM1 and CLIM2, are widely expressed
transcriptional cofactors that are recruited to gene regulatory regions by
DNA-binding proteins, including LIM domain transcription factors. In the cornea,
epithelium-specific expression of a dominant negative (DN) CLIM under the keratin
14 (K14) promoter causes blistering, wounding, inflammation, epithelial
hyperplasia, and neovascularization followed by epithelial thinning and
subsequent epidermal-like differentiation of the corneal epithelium. The defects
in corneal epithelial differentiation and cell fate determination suggest that
CLIM may regulate corneal progenitor cells and the transition to differentiation.
Consistent with this notion, the K14-DN-Clim corneal epithelium first exhibits
increased proliferation followed by fewer progenitor cells with decreased
proliferative potential. In vivo ChIP-sequencing experiments with corneal
epithelium show that CLIM binds to and regulates numerous genes involved in cell
adhesion and proliferation, including limbally enriched genes. Intriguingly, CLIM
associates primarily with non-LIM homeodomain motifs in corneal epithelial cells,
including that of estrogen receptor ?. Among CLIM targets is the noncoding RNA
H19 whose deregulation is associated with Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann
syndromes. We demonstrate here that H19 negatively regulates corneal epithelial
proliferation. In addition to cell cycle regulators, H19 affects the expression
of multiple cell adhesion genes. CLIM interacts with estrogen receptor ? at the
H19 locus, potentially explaining the higher expression of H19 in female than
male corneas. Together, our results demonstrate an important role for CLIM in
regulating the proliferative potential of corneal epithelial progenitors and
identify CLIM downstream target H19 as a regulator of corneal epithelial
proliferation and adhesion.