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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 235.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Cell 2016 ; 166 (1): 126-39 Nephropedia Template TP
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Paracrine Induction of HIF by Glutamate in Breast Cancer: EglN1 Senses Cysteine #MMPMID27368101
Cell 2016[Jun]; 166 (1): 126-39 PMID27368101show ga
The HIF transcription factor promotes adaptation to hypoxia and stimulates the growth of certain cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The HIF? subunit is usually prolyl-hydroxylated by EglN family members under normoxic conditions, causing its rapid degradation. We confirmed that TNBC cells secrete glutamate, which we found is both necessary and sufficient for the paracrine induction of HIF1? in such cells under normoxic conditions. Glutamate inhibits the xCT glutamate-cystine antiporter, leading to intracellular cysteine depletion. EglN1, the main HIF? prolyl hydroxylase, undergoes oxidative self-inactivation in the absence of cysteine both in biochemical assays and in cells, resulting in HIF1? accumulation. Therefore, EglN1 senses both oxygen and cysteine.