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2011 ; 9
(12
): 1644-57
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Temporal and spatial cooperation of Snail1 and Twist1 during
epithelial-mesenchymal transition predicts for human breast cancer recurrence
#MMPMID22006115
Tran DD
; Corsa CA
; Biswas H
; Aft RL
; Longmore GD
Mol Cancer Res
2011[Dec]; 9
(12
): 1644-57
PMID22006115
show ga
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a normal developmental program that is
considered to also play an important role in cancer metastasis. Ultimate inducers
of EMT are transcriptional repressors that individually can induce experimental
EMT, yet in many cells, particularly cancer cells, multiple inducers are
expressed simultaneously. Why, and if, and how they interact to regulate EMT is
unanswered. Using RNA interference technology to affect protein knockdown and
avoid potential overexpression artifact coupled with transient TGF? treatment to
better mimic in vivo conditions we show, in both nontumorigenic and tumorigenic
epithelial cancer cells, that Snail1 is uniquely required for EMT initiation,
whereas Twist1 is required to maintain late EMT. Twist1, present in resting
epithelial cells, is dispensable for EMT initiation. Mechanistically, in response
to transient TGF? treatment, transient Snail1 expression represses Twist1
transcription directly, which is subsequently upregulated, as Snail1 levels
decrease, to sustain E-cadherin downregulation and growth arrest of EMT.
Persistent Twist1 expression is associated with a p38 and extracellular
signal-regulated kinase signal feedback loop that sustains growth-inhibitory
signals characteristic of quiescent micrometastatic tumors. This Snail1-Twist1
temporal and spatial cooperation was also observed in vivo during human breast
cancer progression to metastasis. Twist1 level, but not Snail1 level, and
Twist1:Snail1 ratio in disseminated micrometastatic bone marrow tumor cells was
found to correlate with survival and treatment resistance and is highly
predictive of metastatic or recurrent disease.