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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Am+J+Kidney+Dis 2016 ; 68 (1): 58-67 Nephropedia Template TP
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Detection and Clinical Patterns of Nephron Hypertrophy and Nephrosclerosis Among Apparently Healthy Adults #MMPMID26857648
Am J Kidney Dis 2016[Jul]; 68 (1): 58-67 PMID26857648show ga
Background: Even among ostensibly healthy adults, there is often mild pathology in the kidney. The detection of kidney microstructural variation and pathology by imaging and the clinical pattern associated with these structural findings is unclear. Study Design: Cross-sectional (clinical-pathological correlation). Setting & Participants: Living kidney donors at Mayo Clinic (Minnesota and Arizona sites) and Cleveland Clinic 2000-2011. Predictors: Pre-donation kidney function, risk factors, and contrast computed tomography scan of the kidneys. These scans were segmented for cortical volume and medullary volume, reviewed for parenchymal cysts, and scored for kidney surface roughness. Outcomes: Nephrosclerosis (glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy, and arteriosclerosis) and nephron size (glomerular volume, profile tubular area, and cortical volume per glomerulus) determined from an implantation biopsy of the kidney cortex at donation. Results: Among 1520 living kidney donors, nephrosclerosis associated with increased kidney surface roughness, cysts, and smaller cortical to medullary volume ratio. Larger nephron size (nephron hypertrophy) associated with larger cortical volume. Nephron hypertrophy and larger cortical volume associated with higher systolic blood pressure, higher glomerular filtration rate, higher urine albumin excretion, larger body mass index, higher serum uric acid, and family history of end-stage renal disease. Both nephron hypertrophy and nephrosclerosis associated with older age and mild hypertension. The net effect of both nephron hypertrophy and nephrosclerosis associating with cortical volume was that nephron hypertrophy diminished volume loss with age-related nephrosclerosis and fully negated volume loss with mild hypertension-related nephrosclerosis. Limitations: Kidney donors are selected on health, restricting the spectrum of pathological findings. Kidney biopsies in living donors are a small tissue sample leading to imprecise estimates of structural findings. Conclusions: Among apparently healthy adults, the microstructural findings of nephron hypertrophy and nephrosclerosis differ in their association with kidney function, macrostructure, and risk factors.