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T-bet Activates Th1 Genes through Mediator and the Super Elongation Complex #MMPMID27292648
Hertweck A; Evans C; Eskandarpour M; Lau J; Oleinika K; Jackson I; Kelly A; Ambrose J; Adamson P; Cousins D; Lavender P; Calder V; Lord G; Jenner R
Cell Rep 2016[Jun]; 15 (12): 2756-70 PMID27292648show ga
The transcription factor T-bet directs Th1 cell differentiation, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie this lineage-specific gene regulation are not completely understood. Here, we show that T-bet acts through enhancers to allow the recruitment of Mediator and P-TEFb in the form of the super elongation complex (SEC). Th1 genes are occupied by H3K4me3 and RNA polymerase II in Th2 cells, while T-bet-mediated recruitment of P-TEFb in Th1 cells activates transcriptional elongation. P-TEFb is recruited to both genes and enhancers, where it activates enhancer RNA transcription. P-TEFb inhibition and Mediator and SEC knockdown selectively block activation of T-bet target genes, and P-TEFb inhibition abrogates Th1-associated experimental autoimmune uveitis. T-bet activity is independent of changes in NF-?B RelA and Brd4 binding, with T-bet- and NF-?B-mediated pathways instead converging to allow P-TEFb recruitment. These data provide insight into the mechanism through which lineage-specifying factors promote differentiation of alternative T cell fates.