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2016 ; 371
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The transition to foraging for dense and predictable resources and its impact on
the evolution of modern humans
#MMPMID27298470
Marean CW
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
2016[Jul]; 371
(1698
): ä PMID27298470
show ga
Scientists have identified a series of milestones in the evolution of the human
food quest that are anticipated to have had far-reaching impacts on biological,
behavioural and cultural evolution: the inclusion of substantial portions of
meat, the broad spectrum revolution and the transition to food production. The
foraging shift to dense and predictable resources is another key milestone that
had consequential impacts on the later part of human evolution. The theory of
economic defendability predicts that this shift had an important
consequence-elevated levels of intergroup territoriality and conflict. In this
paper, this theory is integrated with a well-established general theory of
hunter-gatherer adaptations and is used to make predictions for the sequence of
appearance of several evolved traits of modern humans. The distribution of dense
and predictable resources in Africa is reviewed and found to occur only in
aquatic contexts (coasts, rivers and lakes). The palaeoanthropological empirical
record contains recurrent evidence for a shift to the exploitation of dense and
predictable resources by 110 000 years ago, and the first known occurrence is in
a marine coastal context in South Africa. Some theory predicts that this elevated
conflict would have provided the conditions for selection for the hyperprosocial
behaviours unique to modern humans.This article is part of the themed issue
'Major transitions in human evolution'.